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What is Screen Resolution?
Screen resolution refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed on your screen. It is typically quoted as width × height, with the units in pixels: for example, 1920 × 1080. Understanding your screen resolution is vital for graphic designers, web developers, and gamers to ensure optimal visual fidelity.
Screen Resolution vs. Viewport Size
It is important to distinguish between your monitor's full capability and the actual space available for a website:
- Screen Resolution: The total number of pixels your monitor supports (e.g., 1920x1080). This number stays constant unless you change your OS settings.
- Browser Viewport: The specific area inside your browser window where the website is displayed. This changes when you resize your browser, open the developer console, or add toolbars.
Why Does Pixel Ratio Matter?
The Device Pixel Ratio (DPR) tells you how many physical pixels are used to paint a single CSS pixel.
- DPR = 1: Standard displays (older monitors). 1 CSS pixel = 1 Physical pixel.
- DPR = 2 or 3: High density (Retina) displays. 1 CSS pixel = 4 or 9 Physical pixels. This results in much sharper text and images but requires higher resolution assets to look crisp.
Understanding Color Depth
Color depth (or bit depth) indicates how many bits are used to indicate the color of a single pixel. A standard modern display uses 24-bit color (often reported as 32-bit including the alpha channel), allowing for 16.7 million distinct colors. Higher depths (like 30-bit or 48-bit) are used in professional photography and HDR video to display billions of colors.